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1523
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Pope Clement VII elected. | Catholic Reformation |
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| First Zurich Disputation between Zwingli and Johann Faber vicar-general of Constance. Reformation begins in Zurich. | Zwingli |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Second Zurich Disputation in which Zwingli argued for the removal of images from churches. Grebel unsuccessfully argued for the abolition of the mass. | Zwingli Grebel |
Magisterial Reformation Radical Reformation |
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| Johann Oecolampadius becomes professor at Basel. | Magisterial Reformation |
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| Balthasar H?bmaier begins to enact reforms in Waldshut. | Radical Reformation |
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| Cajetan completes 4th volume of his commentary on Aquinas' Summa. | Cajetan |
Catholic Reformation |
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| Heinrich Bullinger becomes head teacher at Cistercian monastery at Kappel. | Bullinger |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Heinrich Bullinger meets Ulrich Zwingli. | Bullinger Zwingli |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Karlstadt publishes *On the Manifoldness of the Unity of God's Will*. | Karlstadt |
Radical Reformation |
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| Karlstadt begins his ministry at Orlam?nde. | Karlstadt |
Radical Reformation |
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| Sylvester Mazzolini Prierias dies. | Prierias |
Catholic Reformation |
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| Pope Adrian VI dies. | Catholic Reformation |
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| December | Austrian officials enter Waldshut and demand the Balthasar H?bmaier be arrested. The town resists and soon becomes involved in the Peasants' War. | Radical Reformation |
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1524
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Erasmus writes On the Freedom of the Will. | ||
| Menno Simons ordained as Catholic priest. | Simons |
Radical Reformation |
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| Gaetano de Thiene founds the Theatines. | Catholic Reformation |
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| Ulrich Zwingli's marriage to Anna Rhinehardt made public. | Zwingli |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Balthasar H?bmaier writes On Heretics and Those Who Burn Them. | Radical Reformation |
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| Karlstadt publishes *Whether One Should Proceed Slowly* at Basel. | Karlstadt |
Radical Reformation |
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| Karlstadt publishes *A Question Whether Anyone May Be Saved Without the Intervention of Mary.* | Karlstadt |
Radical Reformation |
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| Thomas Bilney "converts" Hugh Latimer. | Bilney |
English Reformation |
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| April | Balthasar H?bmaier organizes a disputation in Waldshut. | Radical Reformation |
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| August 21 | Luther and Karlstadt meet at the Black Bear Inn in Jena. | Luther Karlstadt |
Magisterial Reformation Radical Reformation |
| May 30 | Peasants in the Black Forest region of Germany begin Peasants' War. [More] | ||
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1525
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Eck publishes Arguments against Luther and Other Enemies of the Church. | Luther |
Catholic Reformation Magisterial Reformation |
| Luther marries Katherine von Bora. [More] | Luther |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Johann Eck publishes his most important work, Enchiridian. | Eck |
Catholic Reformation |
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| Balthasar H?bmaier writes On the Christian Baptism of Believers. | Radical Reformation |
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| Balthasar H?bmaier marries Elsbeth H?gline. | Radical Reformation |
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| Vittoria Colonna's husband dies. | Colonna |
Catholic Reformation |
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| Vittoria Colonna enters the Convent of San Silvestro in Rome. | Colonna |
Catholic Reformation |
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| Heinrich Bullinger abolishes the mass at Cistercian monastery. | Bullinger |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Schwenckfeld visits Wittenberg and debates Martin Luther concerning the Eucharist. | Schwenckfeld Luther |
Magisterial Reformation Radical Reformation |
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| Schwenckfeld experiences his second Heimsuchung (divine experience). | Schwenckfeld |
Radical Reformation |
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| Berchtold Haller ceases saying Mass in Bern. | Haller |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Thomas M?ntzer is beheaded. | Radical Reformation |
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| Luther allows Karlstadt to seek refuge in Wittenberg. | Luther Karlstadt |
Magisterial Reformation Radical Reformation |
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| Thomas Bilney is licensed to preach in Ely. | Bilney |
English Reformation |
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| April 15 | Balthasar H?bmaier and sixty others receive baptism by Wilhelm Reublin in Waldshut. | Radical Reformation |
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| December | Balthasar H?bmaier flees Waldshut to Zurich. | Radical Reformation |
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| January | Heinrich Bullinger attends Zurich disputation with Anabaptists. | Bullinger |
Magisterial Reformation |
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1526
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Conrad Grebel dies of the plague. | Radical Reformation |
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| Menno Simons begins to have doubts about transubstantiation. | Simons |
Radical Reformation |
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| Balthasar H?bmaier begins productive ministry in Nikolsburg. | Radical Reformation |
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| Charles V marries Princess Isabella of Portugal. | |||
| Heinrich Bullinger celebrates reformed eucharist at Cistercian monastery. | Bullinger |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| First Diet of Speyer. | Catholic Reformation Magisterial Reformation |
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| Joachim Vadian becomes mayor of St Gall. Later that year, St Gall becomes a reformed city. | Vadian |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Ulrich Zwingli and Berchtold Haller attend the Baden Disputation. | Haller Zwingli |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Henry VIII begins courting Anne Boleyn. | Henry |
English Reformation |
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| Wolsey summons Thomas Bilney and he is forced to take an oath not to disseminate Luther's views. | Bilney |
Catholic Reformation English Reformation |
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| April 21 | Schwenckfeld suggests in a letter circulated among his followers that advocates the suspension of the Lord's Supper. | Schwenckfeld |
Radical Reformation |
| August 29 | Battle of Moh?cs. [More] | ||
| December 25 | Hans Denck is expelled from Strasbourg. | Radical Reformation |
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| December 25 | Hans Denck is expelled from Strasbourg. | Radical Reformation |
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1527
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Michael Sattler meets in Schleitheim with a group of Anabaptists and drafts Schleitheim Articles. [More] | Radical Reformation |
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| Felix Manz drowned in Z?rich. | Radical Reformation |
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| Johann Eck publishes On the Sacrifice of the Mass to refute Zwingli's rejection of the mass. | Eck |
Catholic Reformation |
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| James Hochstraten dies. | Catholic Reformation |
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| Schwenckfeld experiences his third Heimsuchung (divine experience). | Schwenckfeld |
Radical Reformation |
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| Hans Hut dies of smoke inhilation in prison in Augsburg. | Radical Reformation |
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| Karlstadt's work *Dialogue on Baptism* is published anonymously. He rejects infant baptism but does not require persons to be re-baptized. | Karlstadt |
Radical Reformation |
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| Henry VIII appeals to Pope Clement VII for annulment for marriage to Catharine of Aragon. | Henry |
English Reformation |
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| July | Balthasar H?bmaier is arrested in Nikolsburg and taken to Vienna. | Radical Reformation |
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| May 20 | Michael Sattler is tortured and burned at the stake. | Radical Reformation |
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| May 22 | Margaretha Sattler is executed by drowning. | Radical Reformation |
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1528
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Balthasar Hubmaier burned at the stake in Vienna. | Radical Reformation |
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| Swabian League authorizes military division of 400 horsemen to hunt for Anabaptists. | Radical Reformation |
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| Sommaschi founded. | Catholic Reformation |
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| Ignatius Loyola graduates from University of Paris. | Loyola |
Catholic Reformation |
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| Heinrich Bullinger accompanies Ulrich Zwingli to the disputation at Bern | Bullinger Zwingli |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Anna Bijns publishes twenty-three poems condemning the reformation. | Bijns |
Catholic Reformation |
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| Joachim Vadian moderates the Bern Disputation. | Vadian |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Jeanne of Navarre is born. | Magisterial Reformation |
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| Sebastian Franck wrote a popular treatise on the social ills of alcohol. | Franck |
Radical Reformation |
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| March 10 | Balthasar H?bmaier is burned at the stake in Vienna. | Radical Reformation |
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| March 13 | Elsbeth H?bmaier is drowned in the Danube. | Radical Reformation |
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| March 17 | Sebastian Franck marries Ottilie Beham. | Franck |
Radical Reformation |
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1529
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Luther and Zwingli debate at Marburg Colloquy [More] | Luther Zwingli |
Magisterial Reformation |
| George Blaurock burned at the stake in Tyrol. | Radical Reformation |
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| Schmalkald League is formed by Lutheran princes to defend their faith. | Magisterial Reformation |
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| Matteo da Bascio founds the Capuchins. | Catholic Reformation |
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| Simon Fish publishes The Supplication of Beggars. | English Reformation |
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| Thomas More replaces Wolsey as Lord Chancellor. | English Reformation |
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| Jacob Hutter becomes as Anabaptist preacher. | Radical Reformation |
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| The Turks attack Vienna. | |||
| Second Diet of Speyer. [More] | Catholic Reformation Magisterial Reformation |
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| Schwenckfeld is voluntarily exiled from Silesia by Catholics and Lutherans. | Schwenckfeld |
Radical Reformation |
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| Thomas More succeeds Thomas Wolsey as Lord Chancellor. | More |
English Reformation |
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| Karlstadt is expelled from Kiel. | Karlstadt |
Radical Reformation |
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| 350 Anabaptists killed in Alzey. [More] | Radical Reformation |
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| August | Heinrich Bullinger marries Anna Adlischwyler. | Bullinger |
Magisterial Reformation |
| June | Bremgarten becomes a reformed town. | Bullinger |
Magisterial Reformation |
| May | Heinrich Bullinger replaces his father as pastor at Bremgarten. | Bullinger |
Magisterial Reformation |
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1530
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Anton Maria Zaccaria founds the Barnabites (Clerks Regular of St. Paul). | Catholic Reformation |
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| Robert Barnes flees to Wittenberg. | English Reformation |
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| William Tracy's will circulates among evangelicals. As a result, his body is exhumed and burned. | English Reformation |
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| Robert Barnes writes A Supplication unto King Henry VIII. | Barnes |
English Reformation |
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| Cesare Baronius is born. | Catholic Reformation |
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| Bucer and Capito write Tetrapolitan Confession. | Magisterial Reformation |
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| Zwingli helps Karlstadt become a deacon at the Grossm?nster in Zurich. | Zwingli Karlstadt |
Magisterial Reformation Radical Reformation |
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| Sebastian Franck moves to Strasbourg probably due to its reputation for religious tolerance. | Franck |
Radical Reformation |
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1531
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Zwingli dies at the Battle of Kappel. | Zwingli |
Magisterial Reformation |
| Robert Barnes writes Supplication to Henry VIII. | English Reformation |
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| Johann Oecolampadius dies. | Magisterial Reformation |
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| Menno Simons begins serving as parish priest in Witmarsum. | Simons |
Radical Reformation |
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| Heinrich Bullinger arrives in Zurich. | Bullinger |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Thomas Bilney executed in London. | Bilney |
English Reformation |
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| Sebastian Franck publishes The Chronicle of Heretics in Augsburg. | Franck |
Radical Reformation |
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| Sebastian Franck is driven from Strasburg by authorities. | Franck |
Radical Reformation |
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| December 13 | Replaces Zwingli as pastor in Zurich. | Bullinger |
Magisterial Reformation |
| October | Heinrich Bullinger flees Bremgarten due to the defeat of Zurich troops at Kappel. | Bullinger |
Magisterial Reformation |
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1532
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John Calvin publishes his first work?a commentary on Seneca?s De Clementia. | Calvin |
Magisterial Reformation |
| Guillaume Farel arrives in Geneva. | Magisterial Reformation |
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| Berchtold Haller debates Anabaptists in Zofingen. | Haller |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Berchtold Haller and Capito write the Berner Synodus, a church order for Bern. | Haller |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor the day after the Submission of the Clergy is passed. | More |
English Reformation |
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| Thomas More writes Letter Against Frith. | More |
English Reformation |
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1533
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Parliament passes the Act in Restraint of Appeals. | English Reformation |
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| Anne Boleyn gives birth to Elizabeth. | English Reformation |
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| Fall of Incas to Pizarro. | |||
| Thomas More writes Confutation of Tyndale's Answer. | More |
English Reformation |
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| Henry VIII is excommunicated. | Henry |
English Reformation |
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| The Buggery Act is adopted by Henry VIII. [More] | Cromwell Henry |
English Reformation |
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| Johann Bugenhagen receives hid doctorate of theology at Wittenberg. | Bugenhagen |
Magisterial Reformation |
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| March | Thomas Cranmer is appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Henry VIII. | Cranmer |
English Reformation |
| May | Henry VIII secretly marries Anne Boleyn. | Henry |
English Reformation |
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1534
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King Henry VIII declares himself the supreme head of the church in England. | English Reformation |
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| M?nster debacle begins as Jan van Leiden is crowned as king and Matthijs arrives. | Radical Reformation |
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| Pope Paul III elected. | Catholic Reformation |
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| Act of Supremacy. | English Reformation |
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| Menno Simons publishes The Spiritual Resurrection. | Simons |
Radical Reformation |
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| Tommaso de Vio Gaetani Cajetan dies. | Cajetan |
Catholic Reformation |
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| Schwenckfeld is exiled from Strasbourg. | Schwenckfeld |
Radical Reformation |
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| Karlstadt becomes professor of Old Testament at Basel. | Karlstadt |
Radical Reformation |
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| Pope Clement VII dies. | Catholic Reformation |
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| August 15 | Ignatius Loyola and six others (including Francis Xavier) take vows of celebacy and poverty and commit to serving God. | Loyola |
Catholic Reformation |
| January 5 | Bartholomeus Boekbinder ane William de Kuiper arrive in M?nster and initiate believers' baptism | Radical Reformation |